Ionosphere
A complex atmospheric zone of ionized gases that extends between 50 and 400 miles (80 to 640 kilometers) above the earth’s surface. It is located between the mesosphere and the exosphere and is included as part of the thermosphere.
Atmosphere
The gaseous or air portion of the physical environment that encircles a planet. In the case of the earth, it is held more or less near the surface by the earth’s gravitational attraction. The divisions of the atmosphere include the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the ionosphere, and the exosphere.
Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere located between the stratosphere and the ionosphere, where temperatures drop rapidly with increasing height. It extends between 31 and 50 miles (17 to 80 kilometers) above the earth’s surface.
Exosphere
This region is considered the very outer limits of the earth’s atmosphere. Its lower boundary is often called the critical level of escape, where gas atoms are so widely spaced that they rarely collide with one another and have individual orbits. It is estimated to be some 400 plus miles (640 kilometers) above the surface.
Thermosphere
A thermal classification, it is the layer of the atmosphere located between the mesosphere and outer space. It is a region of steadily increasing temperature with altitude, and includes all of the exosphere and most, if not all, of the ionosphere.